Offshore infrastructures are working in one of the harshest environments in the world. Repetitive contact with saltwater, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, temperature changes, and chemical pollutants may hasten corrosion and greatly decrease the lifetime of
Offshore pipelines are the foundation of energy transportation in the world, as they transport oil, gas, and other important resources over extensive networks using underwater pipelines. Although the current pipeline systems are designed to
The offshore energy sector requires a stable offshore system to sustain the unbroken operations and environmental safety. Submarine pipelines are constantly exposed to marine growth, salt water, pressure variations, and chemical corrosion. These assets